English education is concerned with the teaching of literature and composition in secondary schools, colleges, and universities. Programs take a broad humanistic approach and emphasize research and practice in language, writing, and response to literature. Students study theory, research, and practice. Certification titles include: Initial Certification (Certificate of Advanced Study; grades seven through 12), Initial/Professional (Initial Certification combined with a master’s degree; grades five through 12), and Professional (master’s degree; grades seven through 12 or grades five through 12).